The robotic arm mainly consists of three parts: the hand, the motion mechanism, and the control system. The hand is a component used to grasp workpieces (or tools), and there are various structural forms based on the shape, size, weight, material, and operational requirements of the object being grasped, such as clamping type, supporting type, and adsorption type. A motion mechanism that enables the hand to complete various rotations (swings), movements, or composite movements to achieve specified movements, changing the position and posture of the object being grasped. The independent motion modes of the motion mechanism, such as lifting, retracting, and rotating, are called the degrees of freedom of the robotic arm. In order to grasp objects at any position and orientation in space, 6 degrees of freedom are required. Degree of freedom is a key parameter in the design of robotic arms. The more degrees of freedom, the greater the flexibility and versatility of the robotic arm, and the more complex its structure. Generally, specialized robotic arms have 2-3 degrees of freedom. The control system completes specific actions by controlling the motors of each degree of freedom of the robotic arm. Simultaneously receiving feedback from sensors, forming a stable closed-loop control. The core of a control system is usually composed of microcontrollers such as microcontrollers or DSPs, which are programmed to achieve the desired functions.

The types of robotic arms can be divided into hydraulic, pneumatic, electric, and mechanical types according to their driving methods; According to the scope of application, it can be divided into two types: specialized robots and general robots; According to the control method of motion trajectory, it can be divided into point control and continuous trajectory control robotic arms. Robots are commonly used as additional devices for machine tools or other machines, such as loading, unloading, and transferring workpieces on automatic machine tools or production lines, replacing cutting tools in machining centers, etc. Generally, there is no independent control device. Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans, such as the master-slave operator used in the atomic energy department to operate hazardous materials, often referred to as a robotic arm. The application of robotic arms in the forging industry can further develop the production capacity of forging equipment and improve labor conditions such as heat and fatigue. The development of robotic arms began in the United States. In 1958, the United Control Company of the United States developed the first robotic arm.